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''Musk-Ox'' is the debut short novel by Nikolai Leskov, first published in the April, No. 4 1863 issue of ''Otechestvennye Zapiski''. According to the author's inscription, it was written on November 28, 1862, in Paris, France. The text of the novel was drastically changed twice, as it was being prepared for ''Stories and Sketches by M. Stebnitsky'' (vol.I, 1867) and the first edition of ''The Complete Leskov'' (vol.VI, 1890).〔Bukhstab, Boris. Commentaries to "Musk-Ox". The Works by N.S. Leskov. Pravda Publishers. Moscow. 1973. Vol I, p. 421.〕 According to Maxim Gorky, "This was the prelude to this 'avengeful' novel, ''No Way Out''," the author's son Andrey Leskov wrote in his biography. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979) also mentions ''Musk-ox'' alongside ''No Way Out'' and ''Neglected People'' as being were "directed against the 'new men'." ==Synopsis== An ex-seminary student Vasily Bogoslovsky, a.k.a. Ovtsebyk (Musk-Ox, a nickname referring both to peculiarities of his appearance and certain habits) is an eccentric whose every step and phrase baffles and amuses people. He detests what's going on around him, but is uncapable of any practical work, spending his time loitering in woods, reading Latin philosophers and revisiting his old friends from time to time, reminding them about his urgent need of finding any kind of employment. Alexander Sviridov, once a serf peasant and now a successful building engineer, entrepreneur and businessman, is a direct opposite: intelligent and good-natured, he is a practical man, enjoying all-round respect and admiration. It is to him and Nastasya Petrovna, his beautiful wife, that the narrator comes asking to help find for Ovtsebyk just any occupation to keep him from trouble. Alexander and Nastasya try their best but fail. Ovtsebyk shies the caring Nastasya, and ignores whatever work he's presented with, preferring to wander around, 'agitating' against the general state of things. Developing an almost irrational hatred towards the only man who's eager to give him work and shelter, he's deeply pained by the way the "common people" he cares for, love the latter and ignore his own anti-social 'sermons'. Unable to cope with this unfairness, he hangs himself.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Musk-ox (Nikolai Leskov)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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